A 21st letter, ’X’, is sometimes used for denoting an unknown or any amino acid. ’A’ standing for Alanine, ’C’ for Cysteine, ’D’ for Aspartic Acid etc. The primary structure of proteins are described by the sequence of amino acids on their polypeptide chain. I focused on the primary and secondary structure (SS), more specifically on using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for predicting the secondary structure of proteins given their primary structure. Predicting protein tertiary structure from only its amino acid sequence is a very challenging problem, but using the simpler secondary structure definitions is becomes more tractable. The tertiary structure is however particularly interesting as it describes the 3D structure of the protein molecule, which reveals very important functional and chemical properties, such as which chemical bindings the protein can take part in. Secondary structure elements typically spontaneously form as an intermediate before the protein folds into its three dimensional tertiary structure.īoth protein and nucleic acid secondary structures can be used to aid in multiple sequence alignment. Protein secondary structure is the three dimensional form of local segments of proteins. Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. When we talk about the structure of proteins, four different structure levels are mentioned: the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Protein structure prediction is one of the most important goals pursued by bioinformatics and theoretical chemistry it is highly important in medicine (for example, in drug design) and biotechnology (for example, in the design of novel enzymes). It is these conformation changes that are responsible for differences in the three dimensional structure of proteins. Many conformations of this chains are possible due to the many possible combinations of amino acids and rotation of the chain in multiple positions along the chain. Proteins are chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Protein secondary structure predictor using CNN

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